OIDC JWT Authentication

OpenID Connect (OIDC) token-based authentication in JSON web token (JWT) format, allows TigerGraph users better control over application access. Helping to secure users and their data.

OIDC JWT Authentication in TigerGraph

Some basic understanding of TigerGraph’s user access through Enabling User Authentication and Built-in API Endpoints is recommended before continuing.

What is OIDC?

OpenID Connect (OIDC) serves as an identity layer integrated with the OAuth 2.0 framework. It enables third-party applications to authenticate the end-user’s identity and access basic user profile information.

For more information on OIDC see OpenID’s documentation.

What is JWT?

OIDC utilizes JSON web tokens (JWTs), obtainable through flows that adhere to OAuth 2.0 specifications. JWTs are an open standard. It allows for a JSON object to be exchanged between two parties securely and in a compact and easily containable way.

For more information please see the documentation Introduction to JSON Web Tokens.

Authentication Workflow

At a high level the authentication workflow is as following:

The user application or the client requests authorization from the third-party OIDC server or authorization server.
The authorization server validates the request and, if successful, responds with an access token.
The user application or the client uses the access token with the Bearer authentication scheme in the HTTP Authorization header to access a protected resource from the TG RESTPP server.

Access Token

A JWT includes a JSON object containing information meant for sharing.

To ensure data integrity, each JWT is cryptographically signed, preventing unauthorized modification by clients or malicious parties. The payload data within the JWT consists of key-value pairs, commonly referred to as JWT "claims".

These claims encompass essential information such as details about the authenticated user, issue time, expiration time, and various other attributes.

For more information on claims, please see this link on Json Web Token Claims.

Here is a sample encoded JWT Token:

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c

And here is an example of the decoded output:

# header
{
"alg":"RS256",
"typ":"JWT"
}

# payload data
{
"iss": "TigerGraph Inc",
"aud": ["a","b"],
"exp": 1647334196,
"sub": "kevin",
"iat": 1516239022,
"graph": "test_graph"
}

# signature
RSASHA256(
base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +
base64UrlEncode(payload),
<Public-Key>,
<Private-Key>)
)

Let’s now break down this output in more detail.

Header

The JSON Object Signing and Encryption Header comprises a set of Header Parameters. That consists of a name/value pairs like the hashing algorithm being used (e.g. HMAC, or RSA) as alg and the typ or type of token.

# header
{
"alg":"RS256",
"typ":"JWT"
}

Supported cryptographic algorithms for both signing and verification are below:

Supported Algorithm	Types
HMAC	HS256, HS384, HS512
RSA	RS256, RS384, RS512

Supported Algorithm

Types

HMAC

HS256, HS384, HS512

RSA

RS256, RS384, RS512

Payload

The payload contains statements about the entity (typically, the user) and any additional attributes, which are again, referred to as claims.

In this example, our entity is a user.

# payload data
{
"iss": "TigerGraph Inc",
"aud": ["a","b"],
"exp": 1647334196,
"sub": "kevin",
"iat": 1516239022,
"graph": "test_graph"
}

Currently supported claims are as follows:

Claim / Payload Field Type Description

Claim / Payload Field	Type	Description
`iss`	string	[optional] Issuer of the JWT Token.
`aud`	string	[optional] Recipient for which the JWT is intended.
`exp`	int	Time after which the JWT expires.
`sub`	string	Subject of the JWT, this is the TigerGraph Username
`iat`	int	Time at which the JWT was issued; can be used to determine age of the JWT
`graph`	string	[optional] Graph reference in the token. Defines the scope of the privileges for the user. The scope is set to global if no “graph” is specified.

iss

string

[optional] Issuer of the JWT Token.

aud

string

[optional] Recipient for which the JWT is intended.

exp

int

Time after which the JWT expires.

sub

string

Subject of the JWT, this is the TigerGraph Username

iat

int

Time at which the JWT was issued; can be used to determine age of the JWT

graph

string

[optional] Graph reference in the token.

Defines the scope of the privileges for the user.

The scope is set to global if no “graph” is specified.

For more information on claims and claims not yet supported, please see JWT documentation, under the section head “Payload”.

Signature

The signature is used to verify that the sender of the JWT is who it says it is and to ensure that the message wasn’t changed along the way.

# signature
RSASHA256(
base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +
base64UrlEncode(payload),
<Public-Key>,
<Private-Key>)
)

To create the signature, the Base64-encoded header and payload are taken, along with a secret or private key, and signed with the algorithm specified in the header.

HMAC and RSA algorithms are supported for signing and verification.

User Guide Overview

To use a JWT token for authentication three things should be done first.

Enable RESTPP Authentication
Configure the JWT Token
Generate a 3rd Party JWT Token

These three steps can be done in any order.

For testing purposes, users can generate a public key using a public tool such as https://cryptotools.net/rsagen.

Ensure that the public key configured and the public key in the JWT Token match.

Scope of Access

Access tokens without the graph claim are global tokens and inherit all permissions of the user on any graph.

Tokens with the graph claim only inherit permissions for the specified graph assigned to the user.

Apply Configuration Changes

When using gadmin config to change any parameters, you need to run gadmin config apply -y for it to take effect. You can change multiple parameters and then run gadmin config apply for all of them together.

After modifying the configurations, run the following commands to apply the changes:

gadmin config apply -y
gadmin restart restpp -y

Enable RESTPP Authentication

Enable RESTPP Authentication with this command:

gadmin config set RESTPP.Factory.EnableAuth true

Setup JWT Token gadmin Configuration

Configuration

Users can set the URL for public key or secret settings with:

Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey

Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret

There are two ways to configure a public key or secret of a JWT token in TigerGraph through gadmin config set.

Non-Interactive
Interactive

Both instances, users need to specify the URL of the public key or secret in the configuration or use “@filepath” when specifying either the public or secret key content from a separate file in your environment.

Non-Interactive

Users can configure JWT token non-interactively by using the gadmin CLI tool by running one of these commands for RSA or HMAC.

RSA

For RSA, run the command below:

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey <public-key content or URL or @filepath>

Ex: Public-key content

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey "
> -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
> MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCmFEHTpcKKKUl/L/gu5Vt5xKTT
> FCj1YpJmsGabB6p5MqlDhXP/UZg29vVxN5eTXKULv8ITWcSDfYQ1YmDmj0cP8kDu
> n5WhOYiBK7vufuECtgQ1B8fMMCd7RMoqdnQLrwGDTFqqVm6jfOXnbXDX6zfkAnmv
> qDxmUcsvNZMzoDOvyQIDAQAB
> ----END PUBLIC KEY----
> "
[   Info] Configuration has been changed. Please use 'gadmin config apply' to persist the changes.

Ex: URL

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey https://storage.com/qe-test-data/public_key_test.pem
[   Info] Configuration has been changed. Please use 'gadmin config apply' to persist the changes.

Ex: @”filepath”

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey @test.pem
[   Info] Configuration has been changed. Please use 'gadmin config apply' to persist the changes.

HMAC

For HMAC, run the command below:

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret <shared-secret-key content or URL or @filepath>

Ex: shared-secret-key content:

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret "S2V5LU11c3QtQmUtYXQtbGVhc3QtMzItYnl0ZXMtaW4tbGVuZ3RoIQ=="
[   Info] Configuration has been changed. Please use 'gadmin config apply' to persist the changes.

Ex: URL

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret https://storage.com/qe-test-data/public_key_test.pem
[   Info] Configuration has been changed. Please use 'gadmin config apply' to persist the changes.

Ex: @”filepath”

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret @test.pem
[   Info] Configuration has been changed. Please use 'gadmin config apply' to persist the changes.

Optional Configurations

This next configurations are optional.

Users may also specify the JWT issuer and audience. The default for both these claims are empty.

Security.JWT.Issuer

Ex: Security.JWT.Issuer

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.Issuer "<issuer-name>"

If Security.JWT.Issuer is configured, the iss claim will be verified against this configured value. Otherwise, the issuer will not be verified.

Security.JWT.Audience

Ex: Security.JWT.Audience

$ gadmin config set Security.JWT.Audience "<audience-name>"

Users can set this JWT Token authentication to verify if the aud (recipient for which the JWT is intended) defined in the JWT Token matches the configured one or not.

If the user configures this claim and the token does not match with a value in the aud string, then the JWT will fail.

Example of failed response

{"version":{"edition":"enterprise","api":"v2","schema":0},"error":true,"message":"Access Denied because the input token = 'eyJh****4WgE' contains audience [a,b], which doesn't include the configured one c","code":"REST-10016"}

Audience strings are case-sensitive.

Interactive

Additionally, users can set up JWT, interactively, by running this command to begin security configuration: gadmin config entry security

This initiates interactive mode and by following the prompts, one by one, users are guided to setup JWT, as shown in the following example:

$ gadmin config entry security
Security.JWT.Issuer [ ]: The Issuer for jwt token header
New: User

Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey [  ]: Set Public key for JWT token auth
[Warning] Please use @filepath to set value of Security.JWT.RSA.PublicKey in interactive mode, or leave it empty to skip
New: @/path/to/pub.file

Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret [  ]: Set Secret for JWT token auth
[Warning] Please use @filepath to set value of Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret in interactive mode, or leave it empty to skip
New:
[   Info] no changes for Security.JWT.HMAC.Secret

Generate a 3rd Party JWT Token

The JWT token is generated by a 3rd party authentication server from the customer side. For testing purposes, we recommend using a tool such as this one though any JWT token generated will also work.

Below you can take this sample data and use it as a test payload:

{
"iat": 1699205547,
"exp": 1703865599,
"iss": "TigerGraph",
"aud": ["a","b"],
"sub": "tigergraph",
"graph": "graph"
}

Here is an example of the generated token from the payload data.

Use JWT Token

Now that the JWT token is generated, its usage is the same as using a GSQL plain text token, allowing access to RESTPP endpoints.

For example, this is used to run the query {queryName} on the graph {graphName}:

curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer <JWT-TOKEN>" -X GET http://127.0.0.1:9000/query/{graphName}/{queryName}

Potential Error Messages

When using a JWT token for authentication, please consider these scenarios and handle the corresponding errors appropriately when working with JWT tokens for authentication.

Error Type Description

Error Type	Description
Expiration	If the token has expired, an error is thrown to indicate its expiration.
User/Graph Existence	If the user specified by sub claim does not exist in the TigerGraph system, an error is thrown to indicate the user does not exist.
Graph Scope	If the graph specified in the token is not accessible to the user due to insufficient permissions, an error is thrown to indicate permission denied.
Issuer Match	If the issuer in the token does not match the configured issuer value set by `gadmin`, an error throws to indicate an invalid issuer.
Audience Match	If the audience configured in the token does not match, an error throws indicating it is invalid.
Format	If the token is in an incorrect format, contains invalid JSON or fails in base64 decoding, an error throws to indicate format or decoding failure.
Verification	If the verification process of the JWT token fails, an error is thrown to indicate verification failure.
Other	Any other exceptions not mentioned above, an error throws to indicate an invalid token.

Expiration

If the token has expired, an error is thrown to indicate its expiration.

User/Graph Existence

If the user specified by sub claim does not exist in the TigerGraph system, an error is thrown to indicate the user does not exist.

Graph Scope

If the graph specified in the token is not accessible to the user due to insufficient permissions, an error is thrown to indicate permission denied.

Issuer Match

If the issuer in the token does not match the configured issuer value set by gadmin, an error throws to indicate an invalid issuer.

Audience Match

If the audience configured in the token does not match, an error throws indicating it is invalid.

Format

If the token is in an incorrect format, contains invalid JSON or fails in base64 decoding, an error throws to indicate format or decoding failure.

Verification

If the verification process of the JWT token fails, an error is thrown to indicate verification failure.

Other

Any other exceptions not mentioned above, an error throws to indicate an invalid token.

CA certificate

Users need to rely on a CA certificate (corresponding to the environment variable SSL_CA_CERT) to establish the connection with the URL being set. This env config is only needed when the URL fails with the error log recorded in the RESTPP log file:

I1207 11:57:25.605924 10349 sys_utility.cpp:275] Engine_RESTPP_system_utility|read URL content encountered an error in curl_easy_perform():
Problem with the SSL CA cert (path? access rights?).

The storage location of the CA certificate also may differ with the operating system being used.

In Ubuntu, by default, it is set as a single file (PEM bundle) in /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt.
In Centos, by default, the SSL certificates on CentOS are stored in the /etc/pki/tls/certs/ directory.

Provided is an option for users to customized their own storage location of CA certificate by setting SSL_CA_CERT in RESETPP.BasicConfig.Env.

For Example:

Get the current environment variable list in TigerGraph with:
```
gadmin config get restpp.BasicConfig.Env
```

Then add SSL_CA_CERT = /path/to/cacertificate in the RESETPP.BasicConfig.Env list with:

gadmin config set rsestpp.BasicConfig.Env ${new env variables list}

Here is an example

Run get:

gadmin config get restpp.BasicConfig.Env

Sample Output:

LSAN_OPTIONS=suppressions=/home/tigergraph/suppressions.txt;
LD_PRELOAD=/home/tigergraph/tigergraph/app/3.10.0/.syspre/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5:$LD_PRELOAD;
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;
ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0:alloc_dealloc_mismatch=0;

Run set and apply and restart:

gadmin config set RESTPP.BasicConfig.Env "
LSAN_OPTIONS=suppressions=/home/tigergraph/suppressions.txt;
LD_PRELOAD=/home/tigergraph/tigergraph/app/3.10.0/.syspre/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5:$LD_PRELOAD;
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;
ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0:alloc_dealloc_mismatch=0;
SSL_CA_CERT=/home/tigergraph/cacertificate/example/;
"

gadmin config apply -y
gadmin restart -y

Existing environment variable may have some influence on the current use of TigerGraph.