Introduction

The GSQL ® Query Language is a language for the exploration and analysis of large scale graphs. The high-level language makes it easy to perform powerful graph traversal queries in the TigerGraph system. By combining features familiar to database users and programmers with highly expressive new capabilities, the GSQL query language offers both easy authoring and powerful execution. A GSQL query contains one or more SELECT statements, where each SELECT statement describes a traversal over a set of vertices and edges in the graph or describes a selection of a subset of vertices. By combining multiple SELECT statements, the user can map out query patterns to answer a virtually unlimited set of real-life data questions.

This document focuses on the formal specification for the GSQL Query Language. It includes example queries that demonstrate the language, each of which works on one of the following six graphs:workNet, socialNet, friendNet, computerNet, minimalNet, and investmentNet . Their schemas are shown below. Appendix D lists the full command and data files to create and load these graphs with small sets of data (~10 to 20 vertices). The data sets are small so that you can understand the result of each query example. The tarball file gsql_ref_examples_2.0.tar.gz (linked below) contains all graph schemas, data files, and queries.

Download Graph files and loading script.

Schemas for example graphs

Graph Schema: socialNet

CREATE VERTEX person(PRIMARY_ID personId UINT, id STRING, gender STRING) WITH STATS="OUTDEGREE_BY_EDGETYPE"
CREATE UNDIRECTED EDGE friend(FROM person, TO person)
CREATE VERTEX post(PRIMARY_ID postId UINT, subject STRING, postTime DATETIME)
CREATE DIRECTED EDGE posted(FROM person, TO post)
CREATE DIRECTED EDGE liked(FROM person, TO post, actionTime DATETIME)

Graph Schema: workNet

CREATE VERTEX person(PRIMARY_ID personId STRING, id STRING, locationId STRING, skillSet SET<INT>, skillList LIST<INT>, interestSet SET<STRING>, interestList LIST<STRING>)
CREATE VERTEX company(PRIMARY_ID clientId STRING, id STRING, country STRING)
CREATE UNDIRECTED EDGE worksFor(FROM person, TO company, startYear INT, startMonth INT, fullTime BOOL)

Graph Schema: friendNet

CREATE VERTEX person(PRIMARY_ID personId UINT, id STRING)
CREATE UNDIRECTED EDGE friend(FROM person, TO person)
CREATE UNDIRECTED EDGE coworker(FROM person, TO person)

Graph Schema: computerNet

CREATE VERTEX computer(PRIMARY_ID compID STRING, id STRING)
CREATE DIRECTED EDGE connected(FROM computer, TO computer, connectionSpeed INT)

Graph Schema: minimalNet

CREATE VERTEX testV(PRIMARY_ID id STRING)
CREATE UNDIRECTED EDGE testE(FROM testV, TO testV)

Graph Schema: investmentNet

TYPEDEF TUPLE < age UINT (4), mothersName STRING(20) > SECRET_INFO
CREATE VERTEX person(PRIMARY_ID personId STRING, portfolio MAP<STRING, DOUBLE>, secretInfo SECRET_INFO)
CREATE VERTEX stockOrder(PRIMARY_ID orderId STRING, ticker STRING, orderSize UINT, price FLOAT)
CREATE UNDIRECTED EDGE makeOrder(FROM person, TO stockOrder, orderTime DATETIME)